Dietary Factors Associated with Increased Risk of Oral Cancer
Näytönastekatsaukset
26.5.2026
Level of evidence: C
Pro-inflammatory diet, reflected by a high Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), and Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) may increase the risk of oral cancer.
| Reference | Study type | Population | Intervention and comparison | Outcomes | Risk of bias «Additional comments for included studies»2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| «Shrivastava R, Gupta A, Mehta N, ym. Dietary patterns and risk of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol 2024;93():102650 »1 | SR, MA | Italy, Switzerland, USA, Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, China, Japan, Indonesia, Malaysia | Case-control studies | Oral and oropharyngeal cancer risk according to different dietary patterns/index. | Moderate |
| «Patini R, Favetti Giaquinto E, Gioco G, ym. Malnutrition as a Risk Factor in the Development of Oral Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analyses. Nutrients 2024;16(3):360 »2 | SR, MA | USA, Denmark, Italy and French Switzerland, Finland, Uruguay, Europe | Prospective cohort studies | Relationship between oral cancer and vitamin D | Moderate |
SR=systematic review; MA=meta-analysis
| Reference | Comments |
|---|---|
| «Shrivastava R, Gupta A, Mehta N, ym. Dietary patterns and risk of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol 2024;93():102650 »1 | Studies characteristics were suggestive of a greater frequency of tobacco and alcohol consumption among cases than controls. Recall bias, heterogeneity, possible residual confounding and inconsistencies in the methodologies of the included studies. |
| «Patini R, Favetti Giaquinto E, Gioco G, ym. Malnutrition as a Risk Factor in the Development of Oral Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analyses. Nutrients 2024;16(3):360 »2 | Due to nature of studies, risk of bias, limited publication-bias, heterogeneity |
Results
| Reference | Number of studies and number of patients (I/C) | Absolute number of events (%) I | Absolute number of events (%) C | Relative effect (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level of evidence: low The quality of evidence is downgraded due to study limitations. | ||||
| «Shrivastava R, Gupta A, Mehta N, ym. Dietary patterns and risk of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol 2024;93():102650 »1 Dietary Inflammatory Index (highest versus the lowest category) | 5 2621/6184 | N/A | N/A | OR 2.28 (1.7–3.06)* |
| «Patini R, Favetti Giaquinto E, Gioco G, ym. Malnutrition as a Risk Factor in the Development of Oral Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analyses. Nutrients 2024;16(3):360 »2 Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) may be associated with an increased risk of oral cancer. | 3 528/11559 | N/A | N/A | OR -2.58 (-5.06- (-0.10)) |
I=intervention; C=comparison; CI=confidence interval; N/A=no value is available; OR=odds ratio; Dietary Inflammatory Index: a higher score indicate a more pro-inflammatory diet (e.g.saturated fat, refined carbohydrates) and lower score indicate a more anti-inflammatory diet (e.g. fiber, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals); *Results presented for oral cancer only
References
- Shrivastava R, Gupta A, Mehta N, ym. Dietary patterns and risk of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol 2024;93():102650 «PMID: 39226679»PubMed
- Patini R, Favetti Giaquinto E, Gioco G, ym. Malnutrition as a Risk Factor in the Development of Oral Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analyses. Nutrients 2024;16(3):360 «PMID: 38337645»PubMed